Ischemic stroke (IS) is a leading cause of death and disability worldwide, with complex pathophysiological mechanisms posing significant challenges to clinical treatment. In recent years, nanotechnology has shown broad prospects in the treatment of IS due to its excellent biocompatibility, high specific surface area, and outstanding drug loading capacity. This review systematically summarizes the progress of nanomaterials in IS treatment, focusing on their functional characteristics, targeting strategies, and controlled drug release technologies, aiming to optimize the design and functionality of nanomaterials to facilitate their transition from laboratory studies to clinical applications.

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