Objective  To explore the epidemiological characteristics and influencing factors of breast nodules in females undergoing health examinations in Zhangjiakou area.

Methods  Women who underwent breast ultrasound examinations at Zhangjiakou First Hospital from January 2019 to December 2021 were collected as the research subjects, basic data were collected and analyzed, and breast nodule progression was observed during a one-year follow-up, multivariate Logistic regression was applied to analyze the influencing factors of female breast nodule disease and  progression.

Results  A total of 16,282 women were included in the physical examination, of which 3,272 had breast nodules, with an incidence rate of 20.10%, and among them, 906 were classified as BI-RADS grade  1, 1,365 as BI-RADS grade 2, 531 as BI-RADS grade 3, and 470 as BI-RADS grade 4. Multivariate Logistic regression analysis showed that, family history of breast cancer [OR=2.975, 95%CI (1.356, 6.529)], abortion history [OR=2.579, 95%CI (1.427, 4.661)], obvious work pressure [OR=2.390, 95%CI (1.304, 4.379)], obvious life pressure [OR=2.417, 95%CI (1.249, 4.679)], more family conflicts [OR=2.405, 95%CI (1.284, 4.503)], and surrounding polluting enterprises [OR=2.913, 95%CI (1.383, 6.135)] were the influencing factors of female breast nodules (P<0.05). Out of 3,272 patients with breast nodules, 3,240 completed follow-up, of which 426 patients experienced breast nodule progression, with a progression rate of 13.15%. Non lactation history [OR=2.915, 95%CI (1.308, 6.498)], obvious work pressure [OR=3.004, 95%CI (1.266, 7.130)], obvious life pressure [OR=3.112, 95%CI (1.492, 6.490)], history of abortion [OR=2.972, 95%CI (1.538, 5.742)], high protein diet [OR=2.762, 95%CI (1.332, 5.726)], and surrounding polluting enterprises [OR=3.025, 95%CI (1.439, 6.358)] were independent risk factors for the progression of breast nodules in women (P<0.05).

Conclusion  There are many factors that affect the occurrence and progression of female breast nodules. Life pressure, work pressure, abortion history and surrounding polluting enterprises are closely related to them. Women with related risk factors should be focused on to improve women's health awareness and reduce the incidence rate of breast nodules.

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