With the significant decline of China's birth rate, the role of assisted reproductive technology in alleviating low fertility is increasingly significant. Immature oocyte in vitro maturation technology, as a part of assisted reproductive technology, is gradually being applied in clinical practice. This article introduced the development history of immature oocyte in vitro maturation technology, summarized the existing culture system technologies for immature oocyte in vitro maturation such as biphasic culture system, culture system additives, 3D culture system, and then summarized the clinical applications of immature oocyte in vitro maturation culture in polycystic ovarian syndrome, resistant ovary syndrome, female fertility preservation, and remediation of excessive conventional egg retrieval, to provide theoretical basis for related research and clinical applications of immature oocyte in vitro maturation.

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