Objective To systematically evaluate the factors influencing suicidal ideation among Chinese youth aged 15-34 years, and to provide evidence for targeted prevention and intervention strategies.

Methods CNKI, WanFang Data, VIP, PubMed, The Cochrane Library, Web of Science, and Embase databases electronically searched to collect literature on influencing factors of suicidal ideation among youth aged 15-34 years, with a search period from January 2015 to July 2026. Two researchers independently screened literature, extracted data, and assessed the risk of bias of included studies. Meta-analysis was performed using Stata 17.0 and RevMan 5.4 software.

Results A total of 28 studies were included, involving 140, 571 study subjects. Meta-analysis results showed that the pooled detection rate of suicidal ideation among Chinese youth aged 15-34 years was 14.4% [95%CI (12.4%, 16.4%)]. Female gender [OR=1.26, 95%CI (1.01, 1.58)], parents' divorce [OR=1.41, 95%CI (1.17, 1.70)], depression [OR=2.68, 95%CI (1.76, 4.09)], negative life events [OR=1.07,95%CI (1.01, 1.14)], smoking [OR=1.82, 95%CI (1.00, 3.29)], anxiety [OR=1.72, 95%CI (1.57, 1.89)], emotional neglect during childhood [OR=1.92, 95%CI (1.56, 2.37)], physical neglect during childhood [OR=1.49, 95%CI (1.25, 1.78)], and being an only child [OR=1.18, 95%CI (1.07, 1.30)] were risk factors for suicidal ideation among Chinese youth. Social support [OR=0.92, 95%CI (0.90, 0.95)], and extroversion [OR=0.83, 95%CI (0.71, 0.98)] were protective factors.

Conclusion The detection rate of suicidal ideation among Chinese youth aged 15-34 years is relatively high, and it is influenced by multi-dimensional factors of social ecology. Families, society, and other parties should carry out early identification, stratified screening, and dynamic management, and improve the social support system to reduce the risk of suicidal ideation among youth.

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