Neovascular glaucoma (NVG) is one of the refractory glaucoma, primarily secondary to retinal ischemic diseases. It is characterized by the formation of neovascularization in the iris and angle on the basis of the primary disease. The contraction and traction of these neovascular structures and the fibrovascular membrane lead to angle closure, obstructing aqueous outflow and consequently causing elevated intraocular pressure. Managing the underlying disease in NVG patients is challenging, and severe pathological damage to the angle often makes single-modality treatment insufficient for achieving optimal outcomes. Therefore, a comprehensive treatment strategy combining treatment for the primary disease and anti-glaucoma therapy is frequently required. With the widespread application and continuous advancement of anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) drugs, integrated treatment regimens—such as anti-VEGF therapy combined with panretinal photocoagulation and anti-glaucoma surgery—have achieved certain results. Understanding the pathogenesis and treatment approaches of NVG, and developing comprehensive treatment plans with clear pressure-lowering effects, high success rates, and minimal complications, are current research hotspots. This review summarizes recent advances in the diagnosis and treatment of NVG, aiming to provide new insights and directions for clinical practice.

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