Emotional regulation is an adaptive process through which individuals respond to external or internal stimuli. Impairments in emotional regulation are closely associated with a range of mental health problems, including depression and anxiety disorders, which not only severely disrupt daily functioning and social interactions but also impose substantial burdens on families and society. At present, effective interventions for emotional regulation disorders remain limited, and existing treatments often show unstable therapeutic outcomes and marked individual variability. Electroencephalographic neurofeedback(EEG-NF) is an emerging noninvasive neuromodulation technique characterized by safety, noninvasiveness, and minimal side effects, and has therefore attracted increasing attention in the application of emotional regulation. This review focuses on the core mechanisms underlying EEG-NF modulation of emotion, as well as its clinical applications in common emotion-related disorders such as anxiety, depression, and autism spectrum disorder, to provide a theoretical foundation for the development of precise interventions for emotional regulation disorders.

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