Nested case-control study (NCCS) is a derived type of traditional case-control study. As an observational research method, it has many advantages and provides an efficient, economic and reliable method for clinical research. This article elaborates on the progress of NCCS and their applications in clinical research from the perspective of clinical epidemiological methodology. The principles, classifications, application conditions, research design, implementation points, as well as advantages and disadvantages of NCCS are comprehensively introduced. Especially regarding the key issues in selecting research types and control groups for current design and implementation, this article has put forward rational suggestions. This article aims to deepen clinical doctors' correct understanding and standardized application in clinical research of NCCS, and provide methodological reference for improving the scientific and reliable evidence of NCCS.

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