Objective To systematically review the efficacy of mobile healthcare in overweight or obese patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM).

Methods PubMed, Web of Science, The Cochrane Library, Embase, SinoMed, CNKI, VIP, and WanFang Data databases were electronically searched to identify randomized controlled trials (RCTs) evaluating the effectiveness of mobile healthcare in overweight or obese T2DM patients. The search period was from January 1, 2015 to February 1, 2026. Two researchers independently screened the literature, extracted data, and assessed the risk of bias. Meta-analysis was performed using RevMan 5.4 and Stata 18.0 software.

Results A total of 10 RCTs involving 1,209 participants were included. Meta-analysis showed that, compared with the control group, the mobile healthcare intervention group exhibited significant improvements in glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) [MD=-0.56,95%CI (-0.90, -0.23)], body mass index (BMI) [MD=-2.00,95%CI (-3.13, -0.86)], body weight [MD=-4.90,95%CI (-9.17, -0.62)], and diastolic blood pressure (DBP) [MD=-2.54,95%CI (-4.71,-0.37)] in overweight or obese patients with T2DM (P < 0.05). No statistically significant differences were found in systolic blood pressure (SBP) [MD=-7.34, 95%CI (-15.42, 0.74), P=0.07], total cholesterol (TC) [MD=-0.18, 95%CI (-0.41, 0.05), P=0.12], low-density lipoprotein (LDL) [MD=-0.20, 95%CI (-0.41, 0.01), P=0.06] and high-density lipoprotein (HDL) [MD=0.09, 95%CI (-0.05, 0.23), P=0.22].

Conclusion Mobile healthcare has demonstrated efficacy in reducing HbA1c, BMI, body weight and DBP in T2DM patients with overweight or obesity. However, the impact on SBP, TC, LDL and HDL in these patients remains to be elucidated. Further high-quality, large-sample RCTs are necessary to substantiate these findings.

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