Objective To analyze the changes in the disease burden of atopic dermatitis (AD), asthma, and urticaria in China from 1990 to 2023, and to provide evidence for the development of prevention and control strategies for allergic diseases in China.

Methods Based on data from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2023, the changes in age-standardized incidence rates (ASIR), age-standardized prevalence rates (ASPR), and age-standardized disability-adjusted life years (DALY) rates (ASDR) of AD, asthma, and urticaria in China from 1990 to 2023 were analyzed, and annual percentage change (APC) and average annual percentage change (AAPC) were calculated.

Results In 2023, ASIR of AD, asthma, and urticaria in China were 722.98, 717.95, and 2,071.61 per 100,000, ASPR were 5,297.75, 3,066.76, and 1,175.59 per 100,000, and ASDR were 233.25, 140.87, and 71.22 per 100,000 person-years, respectively. From 1990 to 2023, the epidemiological trends of the 3 allergic diseases varied markedly. For AD, ASIR declined slightly (AAPC=-0.004%, P < 0.01), the ASPR showed no significant change (AAPC=-0.002%, P=0.28), and ASDR increased modestly (AAPC=0.010%, P < 0.01). For asthma, both the ASIR and ASPR showed no significant overall change (P > 0.05), while the ASDR declined significantly (AAPC=-0.369%, P < 0.01). For urticaria, the ASIR, ASPR, and ASDR all showed upward trends (AAPC > 0, P < 0.01). Across all 3 diseases, the burden was highest among children aged under 5 and 5-9 years; females with urticaria had higher levels of all indicators than males; among females with AD, prevalence levels were higher than in males, whereas males had a markedly higher asthma incidence during childhood and adolescence; in the elderly population, the prevalence and DALY rate of asthma and AD were relatively elevated.

Conclusion The overall disease burden of allergic diseases in China remains severe. The burden of urticaria continues to increase, while several burden indicators for AD and asthma have shown an upward trend. In the future, efforts should be made to strengthen health education for high-risk populations, advance air pollution control, and promote standardized clinical management in medical institutions to further reduce the overall threat of allergic diseases to public health.

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