Peripherally inserted central catheter (PICC) is safe, stable and durable, and has been widely used in neonatal intensive care units in recent years. However, there are still risks associated with thrombosis and arrhythmia in the process of application. PICC-associated pericardial effusion (PICC-PE) is characterized by a low incidence rate but high mortality rate, and it represents one of the most serious complications of central venous catheters in neonates. The stability of the PICC tip varies among different insertion sites in preterm infants, and the incidence of infection and other related complications also varies. This article describes the latest progress regarding the correlation between PICC insertion sites and PICC-PE in preterm infants, including its pathogenesis, influencing factors, prevention and care strategies. The aim is to provide a reference for the subsequent development of an individualized PE risk prediction model, thereby reducing the risk of this complication and improving the clinical safety of PICC.

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