Objective  To systematically review the current status and influencing factors of intraoperative hypothermia (IOH) in pediatric patients.

Methods  CNKI, WanFang, VIP, CBM, PubMed, Web of Science, Embase, The Cochrane Library, CINAHL and other databases were searched from database inception to March 7, 2025. After literature screening, quality assessment and data extraction, RevMan 5.4 was used for Meta-analysis.

Results  A total of 22 articles involving 7,846 patients were included. The results of Meta-analysis showed that the incidence of IOH in pediatric patients was 45% [95%CI (34%, 55%)]. Age  ≤1 year [OR=2.85, 95%CI (1.66, 4.87)], weight [SMD=-0.34, 95%CI(-0.59, -0.09)], preoperative temperature [MD=- 0.26, 95%CI (-0.36, -0.15)], anesthesia duration [SMD=0.55, 95%CI (0.24, 0.85)], ASA grade ≥Ⅲ [OR=2.16, 95%CI (1.33, 3.51)], surgery duration [SMD=0.41, 95%CI (0.11, 0.71)], surgery duration ≥2 h [OR=2.07, 95%CI (1.52, 2.80)], intraoperative infusion volume [SMD=0.52, 95%CI (0.31, 0.73)], intraoperative blood loss [SMD=0.45, 95%CI (0.17, 0.73)], intraoperative blood transfusion [OR=3.18, 95%CI (2.29, 4.43)], intraoperative blood transfusion volume [SMD=0.66, 95%CI (0.29, 1.03)], and emergency surgery [OR=1.47, 95%CI (1.05, 2.04)] were significant influencing factors of IOH in pediatric patients.

Conclusion  The incidence of IOH in children is relatively high with many influencing factors. The screening ability of the surgical team should be improved to identify high-risk groups early, and collaborate with multiple disciplines to formulate individualized nursing interventions to prevent the occurrence of IOH and ensure the safety of children during surgery.

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