Objective  Exploring the association between serum β2-microglobulin levels, serum cystatin C, serum urea, and hypertensive nephropathy in the elderly population undergoing physical examinations.

Methods  Selecting the elderly population who underwent physical examinations at the People's Hospital of Jianyang City from February 2021 to May 2024 and were diagnosed with kidney disease as the research subjects. They were divided into hypertensive nephropathy group and non-hypertensive nephropathy group based on whether they had hypertension. Analyzing the influencing factors and diagnostic efficacy of hypertensive nephropathy through Logistic regression and receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC) analysis, and analyze the correlation between renal indicators and hypertensive nephropathy through Kendall analysis.

Results  A total of 210 elderly individuals with kidney disease were included, with 70 cases in the hypertensive nephropathy group and 140 cases in the non-hypertensive nephropathy group. The levels of β2-microglobulin, serum cystatin C, and serum urea in the hypertensive nephropathy group were higher than those in the non-hypertensive nephropathy group (P<0.001), and higher levels of β2-microglobulin [OR=8.212, 95%CI (4.283, 15.746)], serum cystatin C [OR=12.007, 95%CI (5.955, 24.207)], serum urea [OR=6.361, 95%CI (3.847, 10.519)] were influencing factors of hypertensive nephropathy, and their AUC of the ROC curve for hypertensive nephropathy were 0.852, 0.904, 0.850 (P<0.001), respectively. In the hypertensive nephropathy group, there were 29 cases of kidney damage at grade 1, 29 cases at grade 2, and 12 cases at grade 3. Patients with grade 3 kidney damage have significantly higher levels of β2-microglobulin, cystatin C, and urea compared to those with grade 1 and grade 2 kidney damage (P<0.05). The grading of kidney damage in the hypertensive nephropathy group was positively correlated with β2-microglobulin, serum cystatin C, and serum urea (P<0.001).

Conclusion  The levels of β2-microglobulin, serum cystatin C, and serum urea in elderly individuals with hypertensive nephropathy are higher than those in individuals without hypertension, and the degree of hypertensive kidney damage is positively correlated with these indicators.

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