Mammary duct ectasia (MDE) is a non-bacterial inflammatory disease based on mammary duct dilation, accompanied by the accumulation of plasma cells around the mammary duct. It has a long course of disease, complicated lesions, and is more common in women of childbearing age who are not breastfeeding. At present, the pathogenesis of this disease are still unclear, and the treatment is difficult and prone to recurrence. If not treated in time, it may develop into fistula, which will aggravate the condition and affect the prognosis of patients. This article aims to provide an overview of the diagnosis, four stages of treatment and complications of MDE in recent years, to provide a reference for clinical selection of appropriate treatment options.

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