Acute mesenteric ischemia is a group of diseases characterized by disruption of blood supply to different parts of the intestine leading to ischemia and secondary in-flammation. Due to its atypical early symptoms, rapid progression of disease and no specific auxiliary examination, it is often difficult to diagnose and lack of timely treatment, re-sulting in high mortality and poor prognosis. Rapid diagnosis, early intervention for dif-ferent etiologies and multidisciplinary collaboration can significantly improve prognosis. This article summarizes the etiology, anatomical and pathophysiological basis, clinical manifestations, auxiliary examination, and treatment progress of acute mesenteric is-chemia in order to improve the early diagnosis and timely treatment of this serious life-threatening disease.

1..Clair DG, Beach JM. Mesenteric ischemia[J]. N Engl J Med, 2016, 374(10): 959-968. DOI: 10.1056/NEJMra 1503884.

2..郝东侠, 于容至. 急性肠系膜缺血性疾病的临床诊治[J]. 中国临床医生杂志, 2018, 46(1): 3-6. [Hao DX, Yu RZ. Clinical diagnosis and treatment of acute mesenteric ischemic disease[J]. Chinese Journal for Clinicians, 2018, 46(1): 3-6.] DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.2095- 8552.2018.01.002.

3..Bala M, Catena F, Kashuk J, et al. Acute mesenteric ischemia: updated guidelines of the World Society of Emergency Surgery[J]. World J Emerg Surg, 2022, 17(1): 54. DOI: 10.1186/s13017-022-00443-x.

4..Duran M, Pohl E, Grabitz K, et al. The importance of open emergency surgery in the treatment of acute mesenteric ischemia[J]. World J Emerg Surg, 2015, 10: 45. DOI: 10.1186/s13017-015-0041-6.

5..Acosta S. Epidemiology of mesenteric vascular disease: clinical implications[J]. Semin Vasc Surg, 2010, 23(1): 4-8.DOI: 10.1053/j.semvascsurg.2009.12.001.

6..Bala M, Kashuk J, Moore EE, et al. Acute mesenteric ischemia: guidelines of the World Society of Emergency Surgery[J]. World J Emerg Surg, 2017, 12: 38. DOI: 10.1186/s13017-017-0150-5.

7..Ozacmak VH, Sayan H, Arslan SO, et al. Protective effect of melatonin on contractile activity and oxi-dative injury induced by ischemia and reperfusion of rat ileum[J]. Life Sci, 2005, 76(14): 1575-1588. DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs. 2004.08.031.

8..Tilsed JV, Casamassima A, Kurihara H, et al. ESTES guidelines: acute mesenteric ischaemia[J]. Eur J Trauma Emerg Surg, 2016, 42(2): 253-270. DOI: 10.1007/s00068-016-0634-0.

9..中国医师协会急诊医师分会, 解放军急救医学专业委员会, 中华医学会急诊医学分会, 等. 2020年中国急性肠系膜缺血诊断与治疗专家共识[J]. 临床急诊杂志, 2020, 21(10): 763-773. [Emergency Physicians Branch of the Chi-nese Medical Association, The Professional Committee of Emergency Medicine of the People's Libera-tion Army, Emergency Medicine Branch of Chinese Medical Association, et al. Expert consensus on the diagnosis and treatment of acute mesenteric ischemia in China in 2020[J]. 2020, 21(10): 763-773.] DOI: 10.13201/j.issn.1009-5918.2020.10.001.

10..谭显金. 急性肠系膜缺血疾病的研究现状和进展[J]. 中华临床医师杂志(电子版), 2009, 3(4): 640-645. [Tan XJ. Research status and progress on acute mesenteric ischemia disease[J]. Chinese Journal of Clinicians (Electronic Edition), 2009, 3(4): 640-645.] DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1674-0785.2009.04.017.

11..Liao G, Chen S, Cao H, et al. Review: acute superior mesenteric artery embolism: a vascular emergency cannot be ignored by physicians[J]. Medicine (Baltimore), 2019, 98(6): e14446. DOI: 10.1097/MD.0000000000014446.

12..Lim S, Halandras PM, Bechara C, et al. Contemporary management of acute mesenteric ischemia in the endovascular era[J]. Vasc Endovascular Surg, 2019, 53(1): 42-50.  DOI: 10.1177/1538574418805228.

13..Moore HB, Moore EE, Lawson PJ, et al. Fibrinolysis shutdown phenotype masks changes in rodent coagulation in tissue injury versus hemorrhagic shock[J]. Surgery, 2015, 158(2): 386-392. DOI: 10.1016/j.surg.2015.04.008.

14..Kärkkäinen JM. Acute mesenteric ischemia: a challenge for the acute care surgeon[J]. Scand J Surg, 2021, 110(2): 150-158. DOI: 10.1177/14574969211007590.

15..Oliva IB, Davarpanah AH, Rybicki FJ, et al. ACR appropriateness criteria® imaging of mesenteric is-chemia[J]. Abdom Imaging, 2013, 38(4): 714-719. DOI: 10.1007/s00261-012-9975-2.

16..Kirkpatrick ID, Kroeker MA, Greenberg HM. Biphasic CT with mesenteric CT angiography in the evalu-ation of acute mesenteric ischemia: initial experience[J]. Radiology, 2003, 229(1): 91-98. DOI: 10.1148/radiol.2291020991.

17..Ginsburg M, Obara P, Lambert DL, et al. ACR appropriateness criteria (®) imaging of mesenteric is-chemia[J]. J Am Coll Radiol, 2018, 15(11s): S332-s340. DOI: 10.1016/j.jacr.2018.09.018.

18..Fu Y, Liu X, Zhang F, et al. Bortezomib-inducible long non-coding RNA myocardial infarction associated transcript is an oncogene in multiple myeloma that suppresses miR-29b[J]. Cell Death Dis, 2019, 10(4): 319.DOI: 10.1038/s41419-019-1551-z.

19..Reintam Blaser A, Acosta S, Arabi YM. A clinical approach to acute mesenteric ischemia[J]. Curr Opin Crit Care, 2021, 27(2): 183-192. DOI: 10.1097/MCC. 0000000000000802.

20..Doulberis M, Panagopoulos P, Scherz S, et al. Update on ischemic colitis: from etiopathology to treatment including patients of intensive care unit[J]. Scand J Gastroenterol, 2016, 51(8): 893-902. DOI: 10.3109/00365521.2016. 1162325.

21..Montagnana M, Danese E, Lippi G. Biochemical markers of acute intestinal ischemia: possibilities and limitations[J]. Ann Transl Med, 2018, 6(17): 341. DOI: 10.21037/atm.2018.07.22.

22..Björck M, Koelemay M, Acosta S, et al. Editor's choice - management of the diseases of mesenteric arteries and veins: clinical practice guidelines of the european society of vascular surgery (ESVS)[J]. Eur J Vasc Endovasc Surg, 2017, 53(4): 460-510. DOI: 10.1016/j.ejvs.2017.01.010.

23..宋弢, 沈平, 王西墨. 急性肠系膜血管缺血性疾病诊断的Meta分析[J]. 中国中西医结合外科杂志, 2016, 22(3): 219-223. [Song T, Shen P, Wang XM. Diagnosis of acute mesenteric ischemia: a Meta-analysis[J]. Chi-nese Journal of Surgery of Integrated Traditional and Western Medicine, 2016, 22(3): 219-223.] DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1007-6948.2016.03.003.

24..Zientara A, Domenghino AR, Schwegler I, et al. Interdisciplinary approach in emergency revasculariza-tion and treatment for acute mesenteric ischemia[J]. BMC Surg, 2021, 21(1): 89. DOI: 10.1186/s12893-021-01102-9.

25..Tabriziani H, Ahmad A, Narasimha D, et al. A nonsurgical approach to mesenteric vascular disease[J]. Cardiol Rev, 2018, 26(2): 99-106. DOI: 10.1097/CRD. 0000000000000180.

26..Björnsson S, Resch T, Acosta S. Symptomatic mesenteric atherosclerotic disease-lessons learned from the diagnostic workup[J]. J Gastrointest Surg, 2013, 17(5): 973-980. DOI: 10.1007/s11605-013-2139-z.

27..Theodoropoulou A, Koutroubakis IE. Ischemic colitis: clinical practice in diagnosis and treatment[J]. World J Gastroenterol, 2008, 14(48): 7302-7308. DOI: 10.3748/wjg.14.7302.

28..Oldenburg WA, Lau LL, Rodenberg TJ, et al. Acute mesenteric ischemia: a clinical review[J]. Arch Intern Med, 2004, 164(10): 1054-1062. DOI: 10.1001/archinte. 164.10.1054.

29..Rebelo A, Partsakhashvili J, John E, et al. Current concepts and evidence on open, endovascular and hybrid treatment of mesenteric ischemia: The retrograde open mesenteric stenting[J]. Surgery in Prac-tice and Science, 2021. DOI: 10.1016/j.sipas.2020.100022.

30..Ageno W, Riva N, Schulman S, et al. Long-term clinical outcomes of splanchnic vein thrombosis: results of an international registry[J]. JAMA Intern Med, 2015, 175(9): 1474-1480. DOI: 10.1001/jamainternmed.2015.3184.

31..Chou EL, Wang LJ, McLellan RM, et al. Evolution in the presentation, treatment, and outcomes of pa-tients with acute mesenteric ischemia[J]. Ann Vasc Surg, 2021, 74: 53-62. DOI: 10.1016/j.avsg.2021.01.116.

32..Nuzzo A, Corcos O. [Management of mesenteric ischemia in the era of intestinal stroke centers: The gut and lifesaving strategy][J]. Rev Med Interne, 2017, 38(9): 592-602. DOI: 10.1016/j.revmed.2017.01.018.

33..Luther B, Mamopoulos A, Lehmann C, et al. The ongoing challenge of acute mesenteric ischemia[J]. Visc Med, 2018, 34(3): 217-223. DOI: 10.1159/000490318.