Objective  This study analyzed the burden and changing trends of neonatal jaundice (NNJ) in China from 1990 to 2021.

Methods  Data on the burden of NNJ in China from 1990 to 2021 were collected from the 2021 Global Burden of Disease Study database. Descriptive analysis was performed using indicators such as prevalence, mortality rate, and disability-adjusted life years (DALY) rate. Joinpoint software was used to calculate the average annual percentage change (AAPC) and 95% confidence interval (CI) of the prevalence, mortality rate, and DALY rate, to analyze the temporal trends.

Results  In 2021, the prevalence, mortality rate, and DALY rate of NNJ in China were 60.17 per 100,000 people, 42.06 per 100,000 people, and 3,804.15 per 100,000 person-years. From 1990 to 2021, the prevalence, mortality rate, and DALY rate of NNJ in China all showed a downward trend, with AAPCs of [-1.57%, 95%CI (-1.62%, -1.53%)], [-7.01%, 95%CI (-7.26%, -6.77%)], and [-7.00%, 95%CI (-7.24%, -6.76%)], respectively. In 2021, male infants had higher NNJ prevalence, mortality rate, and DALY rate than female infants; in terms of age, infants aged 0~6 days had higher mortality and DALY rates than infants aged 7~27  days, but there was no significant difference in prevalence. There were significant global inequalities in the burden of NNJ across regions with different Socio-demographic Index (SDI) levels. Low-SDI regions bear the heaviest burden and show the slowest improvement, while China is at an intermediate level.

Conclusion  The prevalence, mortality rate, and DALY rate of NNJ in China showed a downward trend. The disease burden was higher in male infants than in female infants, and higher in newborns aged 0~6 days than in newborns aged 7~27 days.

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