Objective  To analyze the global disease burden and its changing trend of severe periodontitis from 1990 to 2021.

Methods Data from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2021 (GBD 2021) database were obtained to analyze the incidence, prevalence, year lived with disability (YLD) of severe periodontitis by regional, socio-demographic index (SDI), age and sex group from 1990 to 2021. The change of age-standardized rate was estimated by calculating the estimated annual percentage change.

Results  In 2021, the global age-standardized incidence rate (ASIR) of severe periodontitis was 1,069.44 per 100,000, the age-standardized prevalence rate (ASPR) was 12,498.3 per 100,000, and the age-standardized YLD rate (ASYR) was 80.89 per 100,000 person years. From 1990 to 2021, there was no significant changing trend in the global ASIR [EAPC=0.03%, 95%CI (-0.04%, 0.09%)], ASPR [EAPC=0.08%, 95%CI (-0.02%, 0.18%)], and ASYR [EAPC=0.08%, 95%CI (-0.02%, 0.17%)] of severe periodontitis. The relatively high ASIR, ASPR, and ASYR were recorded in South-East Asia Region, Eastern Mediterranean Region, and Region of the Americas in 2021, respectively. ASIR, ASPR, and ASYR for severe periodontitis were higher in regions with lower SDI. In 2021, the global incidence, prevalence, and YLD rate of severe periodontitis increased with age in the 15-54 age group. The incidence rate was higher in men than in women in the 15-49 age group, and the prevalence and YLD rate were higher in men across all age groups.

Conclusion The global burden of severe periodontitis varies across geographic regions, levels of socioeconomic development, sex and age. In the future, appropriate prevention and treatment strategies should be developed for low-income areas, young men and the elderly.

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