Cadonilimab is a programmed death-1 (PD-1) and cytotoxic T lymphocyte-associated antigen-4 (CTLA-4) bispecific antibody independently developed in China, and is also the world's first approved PD-1/CTLA-4 bispecific antibody. By simultaneously blocking two immunosuppressive pathways, PD-1/CTLA-4, as well as its own structural advantages, it not only improves the therapeutic effect of malignant tumours, but also reduces the risk of toxicity and improves the quality of life of patients. Cadonilimab is currently approved for two indications, including for the first-line treatment of patients with locally advanced unresectable or metastatic adenocarcinoma of the stomach or gastro-oesophageal junction and for the treatment of recurrent or metastatic cervical cancer, and has been the subject of many clinical studies in a variety of advanced solid tumours, including liver cancer, lung cancer, pancreatic cancer and esophageal squamous carcinoma. This article reviewed the latest clinical progress of cadonilimab in terms of its mechanism of action, clinical research, safety and other aspects to provide reference for its subsequent research and clinical application.

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