Objective To develop and validate the Colorectal Cancer Self-perceived Discrimination Scale (CCSPDS) for Chinese patients.

Methods The framework and item pool of the screening scale were initially drafted through a literature review and semi-structured interviews. The Delphi method was used for expert consultation, and an initial scale was formed after a pilot study. A convenience sample of patients with colorectal cancer (CRC) from Anning First People's Hospital, Honghe Cancer Hospital, and The First Hospital of Nanchang between June 2023 and May 2025 was surveyed. The sample was randomly split into exploratory and confirmatory samples at a 6∶4 ratio, and exploratory factor analysis (EFA) and confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) were used to evaluate construct validity. Reliability was assessed using Cronbach's α coefficient, split-half reliability, and test-retest reliability.

Results The final 16-item CCSPDS comprises three dimensions: disease-related inferiority, social distress, and family and economic pressure. A total of 536 CRC patients were included, with 312 in the exploratory sample and 224 in the confirmatory sample. EFA extracted three common factors, explaining 55.18% of the cumulative variance. CFA indicated a good fit for the three-factor model (χ²/df=1.99, RMSEA=0.055, CFI=0.957, TLI=0.948, SRMR=0.043). For the overall scale, the Cronbach's α coefficient was 0.919, split-half reliability was 0.885, and test-retest reliability was 0.862. The mean total CCSPDS score was (57.16 ± 12.40).

Conclusion The CCSPDS is a reliable and valid tool for assessing self-perceived discrimination in Chinese patients with CRC.

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