Objective  To systematically evaluate the correlation between arterial partial pressure of oxygen (PaO₂), Braden score, transcutaneous partial pressure of oxygen (TcPO₂) and PaO₂/FiO₂ and occurence of pressure injury (PI) in intensive care unit (ICU) patients.

Methods  Computer searches were conducted on CNKI, WanFang Data, VIP, PubMed, Web of Science, The Cochrane Library, and Embase databases to collect observational studies comparing the differences in PaO₂, Braden score, sacrococcygeal TcPO₂, and PaO₂/FiO₂ between ICU patients who developed PI and those who did not. The search period was from the inception to April 1, 2025. After independently screening literature, extracting data, and evaluating the risk of bias in the included studies by two researchers, a Meta-analysis was conducted using RevMan 5.1 software.

Results  A total of 15 studies were included, comprising 16,176 patients. The Meta-analysis results showed that compared with patients without PI, patients with PI had significantly reduced PaO₂ [MD=-15.54, 95%CI (-20.62, -10.47)], Braden score [MD=-3.98, 95%CI (-4.96, -3.01)], sacrococcygeal TcPO₂ [MD=-9.42, 95%CI (-15.83, -3.02)], and PaO₂/FiO₂ [MD=-31.99, 95%CI (-46.83, -17.15)]. Subgroup analysis showed that regardless of age >60 years [MD=-14.52, 95%CI (-24.25, -4.79)] or ≤60 years [MD=-18.00, 95%CI (-27.74, -8.26)], patients with PI had significantly lower PaO₂ than those who did not. Regardless of whether the primary disease was a circulatory system disease [MD=-15.41, 95%CI (-29.36, -1.46)] or a respiratory system disease [MD=-18.87, 95%CI (-33.62, -4.12)], the PaO₂ of patients with PI was also lower than that of those without PI.

Conclusion  ICU patients with pressure injuries have significantly lower PaO₂, Braden score, sacrococcygeal TcPO₂, and PaO₂/FiO₂ than those who did not experience them, indicating that systemic and local tissue hypoxia and decreased perceptual activity are important risk factors for PI. However, these finding still need to be validated by more high-quality studies.

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