Objective  Hyperleukocytosis is a medical emergency of hematological malignancy with very high early complications and mortality rate. The study retrospectively analyzed the clinical data of 65 acute hyperleukocytic leukemia patients in our hospital is aim to providing clinical evidence for prognosis and early intervention. 

Methods  The clinical data was collected from 65 patients with initially diagnosed acute hyperleukocytic leukemia enrolled on Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University. All data were processed by SPSS20.0, and the difference was statistically significant with P≤0.05. 

Results  1 week mortality rate was 26.2% and the 28-days 58.5%. Multivariate regression analysis showed that age (>60 years) (P=0.043), white blood cell counts (P=0.002), heart failure (P=0.015), pulmonary infection (P=0.009), and high lactate dehydrogenase (P=0.042) were the independent influential factors of patients death. The use of hydroxyurea and leukapheresis significantly reduced white blood cell counts, but the hydroxyurea group significantly reduced hemoglobin (P= 0.002) which increasing the risk of early death. 

Conclusion  The early mortality rate was significantly increased in hyperleukocytic patients. The application of reducing tumor burden, strengthening organ function support and improving anemia may seek more opportunities for post-treatment and delay survival time.

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