Objective  To evaluate the application effect of laminar flow clean operating room and ordinary operating room in abdominal surgery.

Method  Search CNKI, WanFang, VIP, PubMed, Web of Science, The Cochrane Library and Embase databases to collect clinical studies on the application of laminar flow clean operating rooms and general operating rooms in abdominal surgery. The search period was from the establishment to July 25, 2025.

Results  A total of 9 studies were included, involving 59,449 patients, showing that compared with a regular operating room, laminar flow clean operating rooms significantly reduced the surgical site infection (SSI) incidence [OR=0.50, 95%CI (0.34, 0.73), P<0.001] and the number of airborne bacteria [MD=-47.32, 95%CI (-66.36, -28.29), P<0.001]. Subgroup analysis showed that laminar flow clean operating rooms more significantly decreased the SSI incidence in patients <60 years old [OR=0.45, 95%CI (0.25, 0.83), P=0.01], patients with surgery duration ≥150 minutes [OR=0.41, 95%CI (0.31, 0.55), P<0.001], and patients with a proportion of grade III/IV surgery ≥50% [OR=0.41, 95%CI (0.21, 0.80), P=0.01]. The decrease in airborne bacterial counts was more significant in the subgroup with less than 10 door openings during surgery [MD=-65.43, 95%CI (-94.47, -36.40), P<0.001].

Conclusion  Current evidence shows that laminar flow clean operating rooms are more effective in preventing SSI and reducing airborne bacterial count during abdominal surgery than regular operating rooms, especially in specific patient populations and surgical conditions.

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