Metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease (MASLD) mainly includes simple hepatic steatosis, and on the basis of this, metabolic dysfunction-associated steatohepatitis (MASH) and subsequent liver fibrosis, cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC). The global prevalence of MASLD is nearly 30%, causing a significant disease burden. Early diagnosis and treatment are important. Liver biopsy remains the gold standard for diagnosing hepatic steatosis in MASLD, but it is costly and carries risks such as internal bleeding and infection, making it unsuitable for large-scale clinical application. With advancements in molecular biology, genomics, and machine learning, an increasing number of non-invasive monitoring methods are being applied in clinical practice, and predictive models based on these non-invasive methods have achieved good clinical outcomes. This paper reviews the recent advances in non-invasive MASLD diagnosis, mainly focusing on imaging and biomarkers.

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