Pathological cardiac hypertrophy is a pathological change of various cardiovascular disease, caused by persistent mechanical and chemical stimulation, which ultimately leads to heart failure and arrhythmia. The clinical therapeutic means of prevention cannot be satisfied by the prevention and treatment strategies currently. Therefore, it is crucial to clarify the regulatory mechanisms of pathological cardiac hypertrophy and developing effective therapeutic targets in slowing down the growth of pathological cardiac hypertrophy. In recent years, there has been increasing evidence that protein phosphatases play an important role in mediating dephosphorylation in pathological cardiac hypertrophy. Numerous animal studies have demonstrated that pathological cardiac hypertrophy of mice can be efficiently treated by directly regulating protein phosphatases or protein phosphatase substrates. This review elaborated the role that protein phosphatases play in the pathological cardiac hypertrophy process and highlighted the potential advantages of regulating protein phosphatases and its substrates in the clinical prevention and treatment of pathological cardiac hypertrophy.

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