Knee osteoarthritis (KOA), as a chronic disability disease that seriously damages the quality of life, will degrade articular cartilage and lead to subchondral bone remodeling, resulting in knee pain, stiffness and limited function. It is one of the most common bone and joint diseases. As an inflammatory disease, the etiology of KOA involves both repair and degradation mechanisms. Neutrophils, as powerful natural immune effector cells that can precisely regulate the function of blood and tissue. It is the first immune cells to enter the synovial membrane after joint injury and is an important factor in joint inflammation and cartilage destruction, and its activity is necessary for the progression of KOA. This article focus on KOA influencing factors, its relationship with neutrophils and macrophages, and the pathological mechanisms of KOA, so as to providing reference for KOA treatment.

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