Objective The purpose of this study is to understand the knowledge, attitude, and practice (KAP) of influenza vaccine inoculation and their influencing factors, among Chinese college students and further support the formulation of implementation plans to promote influenza vaccination.

Methods From April 7th to May 31st, 2024, a convenience sampling method was used to select college students in Beijing Jiaotong Unversity to complete a questionnaire survey. The content included basic information, cognition, attitude, behavior towards influenza virus and vaccine, and expected channels for science popularization, etc. Logistic regression analysis were used to explore factors influencing college students' KAP towards influenza virus vaccination.

Results A total of 295 valid questionnaires from college students were collected. Female students and vaccination history were associated with a higher correct rate of knowledge, while infection history was associated with a lower correct rate of knowledge. Female students were more likely to recognize the severity of influenza virus infection, higher grade students and those with infection history believed they were more likely to be infected with influenza. Female students, students with vaccination history and third-year students were more willing to actively search and share health information about vaccination in daily life, students majoring in science were more likely to share health information about vaccination.

Conclusion Numerous factors influenced college students’ KAP level. The vaccine efficacy rate can be increased through effective measures such as improving the education and publicity of healthcare providers, establishing centralized and convenient vaccination sites, providing convenient vaccination times, and implementing vaccine cost reimbursement policies.

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