Objective  To investigate the epidemiological characteristics of patients with acute respiratory infection (ARI) in a hospital in Tianmen City in 2023.

Methods  ARI patients treated in the First People's Hospital of Tianmen from January 2023 to December 2023 were retrospectively collected as research objects. Mycoplasma pneumoniae (MP), influenza A virus (IAV), human rhinovirus (HRV), respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), respiratory adenovirus (ADV) and influenza B virus (IBV) were detected with respiratory viral nucleic acid co-detection kit, and the differences among groups were compared by χ² test.

Results  A total of 8,695 ARI patients were included, of which 4,211 were pathogen-positive, the positive detection rate was 48.43%, including 4,662 positive pathogens. The positive rates of MP, IAV, HRV, RSV, ADV and IBV were 35.53%, 28.07%, 20.78%, 18.07%, 7.15% and 1.12%, respectively. The total positive rate of 6 common respiratory pathogens in early school age (<6 years old) was significantly higher than that in other age groups, the difference was statistically significant (P<0.05). There was no significant difference in the positive detection rate of total pathogens between genders (P>0.05). The difference between seasons of 6 common respiratory pathogens and the total positive detection rate was statistically significant (P<0.001), and the positive detection rate was higher in spring and autumn. The detection rates of respiratory pathogens in pediatrics and respiratory medicine were 77.63% and 21.04%.

Conclusion  MP and IAV infections predominate among ARI pathogen-positive patients in this hospital in Tianmen City, and the distribution of the pathogens was characterized by age and season, with the highest incidence in spring and autumn, and the highest incidence group was mainly preschool children (<6 years old).

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