Objective  To construct a model of acute ethylene glycol poisoning in SD rats by gavage and compare the brain, heart and kidney injury, so as to provide more reference for related animal experiments and early clinical identification and intervention.

Methods Thirty SPF male SD rats were divided into 3 groups by random number table method, 10 rats in blank control group (NC group): gavage normal saline at 12 mL·kg^-1; 10 rats in low dose ethylene glycol gavage group (EG-L group) and 10 rats in high dose ethylene glycol gavage group (EG-H group) were gavage 60% and 80% ethylene glycol solution at 12 mL·kg^-1. The survival and death of rats in each group were observed within 48 h; and 48 h after modeling, blood sampling from abdominal aorta was performed, and rats were sacrificed to collect brain, heart, kidney and other related organs. The pathological changes of brain, heart and kidney tissues were observed by HE staining, and the calcium oxalate crystals in brain and kidney tissues were observed by Pizzolatto staining. The behavioral changes were determined by the balance ability score. The heart rate and urine volume changes were observed by wearable electrocardiograph sensor and urine volume monitoring. The levels of S100 calcium-binding protein β (S100-β), troponin I (cTnI) and kidney injury molecule-1 (KIM-1) in serum were detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The levels of oxalate in blood of rats in each group were detected by visible light spectrophotometry.

Results  The 48 h cumulative survival rates of NC group, EG-L group and EG-H group were 100%, 90% and 70%, respectively. Compared with NC group, the pathological changes of brain and kidney tissues in EG gavage groups were obvious, and obvious calcium oxalate crystal deposition in brain vessels and renal tubules of rats were observed (all P﹤0.05), and the deposition in brain vessels and renal tubules of rats in EG-H group was more obvious (P﹤0.05). The balance ability of the two groups of rats after gavage of EG was lower than that of the NC group (P﹤0.05), and the decrease was more obvious in the EG-H group (P﹤0.05). Compared with the NC group, the heart rate of the rats in the EG-L and EG-H groups was increased at 12 h, 18 h, 24 h, 30 h after gavage (all P﹤0.05), and the urine volume was decreased at 30~36 h, 36~42 h, 42~48 h (all P﹤0.05), and the urine volume of the EG-H group was more obvious at 36~42 h, 42~48 h (P﹤0.05). Compared with the NC group, the serum levels of S100-β and KIM-1 in the EG-L and EG-H groups were increased (all P﹤0.05), and the serum levels of S100-β and KIM-1 in the EG-H group were higher than those in the EG-L group (all P﹤0.05). The oxalate content in the two groups of rats after gavage of EG was increased compared with the NC group (all P﹤0.05), and the oxalate content in the EG-H group was higher (P﹤0.05).

Conclusion  The rat model of acute ethylene glycol poisoning can be better constructed by gavage of 80% ethylene glycol solution at a dose of 12mL·kg^-1. Acute ethylene glycol poisoning can cause multiple organ damage in rats, and the manifestations of poisoning occur and develop in a time-phrased manner.

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