Granulomatous lobular mastitis(GLM) is a rare clinical disease. The incidence has increased in recent years, but its etiology and pathogenesis are still unclear. GLM has a large variety of clinical manifestations and is characterized histologically by noncaseating granulomas which are of a lobulo-centric pattern and often associated with microabscess formation. Treatment includes observation, medication and surgery, however, many patients require more than one treatment modality. In spite of being a benign disease, it seriously damages the shape of the breast, has a long course, a high incidence of relapse and delayed recovery. Diagnosis can be confusing and there is no consensus regarding the optimal treatment. We describe the relevant epidemiological and histopathological factors and discuss the associated pitfalls and management. A proposal of clinical classification is also recommended to guide clinical practice.

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