As a new, safe and effective rehabilitation method, blood flow restriction training (BFRT) can improve the physical function of users. Compared with simple resistance training method, BFRT has advantages of low intensity, good efficacy and high compliance, so it is suitable for most people to use. The physiological mechanism of BFRT has not been fully elucidated, and there are four mainstream hypotheses, each with its own characteristics. We review the mechanism of action, application progress of BFRT, and provide a theoretical and practical basis for the promotion.

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